Optimization of methods for determining the durability of wood coating systems

Bakalářská práce se zabývá optimalizací metod pro stanovení trvanlivosti nátěrových systémů na dřevo. Teoretická část se zaobírá podrobnou analýzou nátěrových systémů na dřevo včetně specifikace jejich složení, zejména se zaměřením na novodobé vodouředitelné nátěrové systémy. V praktické části byl proveden experiment, kde u vybraných druhů nátěrů aplikovaných na řezivo byla provedena analýza vybraných trvanlivostních parametrů nátěrů po jejich vystavení krátkodobé a dlouhodobé expozici degradačním činitelůmThe bachelor thesis deals with the optimization of methods for determining the durability of wood coating systems. The theoretical part deals with a detailed analysis of wood coating systems, including the specification of their composition, especially with a focus on modern water-borne coating systems. In the practical part an experiment was carried out, where on the selected types of coatings applied to lumber was performed analysis of selected durability parameters of coatings after exposure to short-term and long-term exposure to degradation factors

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Determination durability of modular panel elements in different exposures

V rámci teoretické části diplomové práce je proveden výpis hlavních typů zrychlených zkoušek určených pro odolnost kovových a polymerních povrchových úprav. V experimentální části je provedeno hodnocení míry biologické odolnosti deskových materiálů na bázi dřeva. Dále je posouzena odolnost povlakových systémů pomocí zrychlených testů. Odolnost plášťů modulárních staveb je v diplomové práci primárně zaměřena na degradaci nátěrů aplikovaných primárně na kovových podkladech a dřevěných podkladech. U zkoušených nátěrových systémů je analyzován vliv podkladu a chemická báze na finální odolnost proti povětrnostním vlivům.Within the theoretical part of the diploma thesis, a list of the main types of accelerated tests designed for the resistance of metal and polymer surface finishes. In the experimental part of diploma thesis, the rate of biological resistance of wood-based board materials is evaluated. Furthermore, the resistance of coating systems is assessed by means of accelerated tests. Resistance of modular building shells is primarily focused on degradation of coatings applied primarily on metal materials and wood materials. The tested coating systems analyze the influence of the materials and chemical base on the final weather resistance.